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"“A widely-accepted foundation stone of scientific logic involves a process of elimination, requiring all available possibilities to be considered with incorrect ideas discarded when they fail to predict experimental results.
Just as the police must consider all possible suspects during an investigation, so a scientist must, as a matter of professional responsibility and competence, consider all possible explanations when forming his conclusions.
However, some scientists are able to ignore these duties, while the safeguards built into the scientific bureaucracy, supposedly to ensure quality, do not prevent such malpractice but rather enable it.”
John Hewitt, A Habit of Lies.
"The open letter exhibited here is addressed to the scientific community by a leading group of concerned scientists. It questions a core belief – the belief in the so-called big bang theory. So it will be instructive to watch the behavior of that community in response. Already, the first line of defense – censorship – has held. The journal Nature rejected the letter for publication. New Scientist, the more populist magazine, on 22 May 2004 finally published the letter under the title ”Bucking the big bang"".....Wal Thornhill”
An
Open Letter to the Scientific Community
cosmologystatement.org
(Published in New
Scientist,
The big bang today relies on a growing number
of hypothetical entities, things that we have never observed-- inflation, dark matter
and dark energy are the most prominent examples. Without them, there would be a
fatal contradiction between the observations made by astronomers and the
predictions of the big bang theory. In no other field of physics would this
continual recourse to new hypothetical objects be accepted as a way of bridging
the gap between theory and observation. It would, at the least, raise serious
questions about the validity of the underlying theory.
But the big bang theory can't survive without
these fudge factors. Without the hypothetical inflation field, the big bang
does not predict the smooth, isotropic cosmic background radiation that is
observed, because there would be no way for parts of the universe that are now
more than a few degrees away in the sky to come to the same temperature and
thus emit the same amount of microwave radiation.
Without some kind of dark matter, unlike any
that we have observed on Earth despite 20 years of experiments, big-bang theory
makes contradictory predictions for the density of matter in the universe.
Inflation requires a density 20 times larger than that implied by big bang nucleosynthesis, the theory's explanation of the origin of
the light elements. And without dark energy, the theory predicts that the
universe is only about 8 billion years old, which is billions of years younger
than the age of many stars in our galaxy.
What is more, the big bang theory can boast
of no quantitative predictions that have subsequently been validated by
observation. The successes claimed by the theory's supporters consist of its
ability to retrospectively fit observations with a steadily increasing array of
adjustable parameters, just as the old Earth-centered cosmology of Ptolemy
needed layer upon layer of epicycles.
Yet the big bang is not the only framework
available for understanding the history of the universe. Plasma cosmology and
the steady-state model both hypothesize an evolving universe without beginning
or end. These and other alternative approaches can also explain the basic phenomena
of the cosmos, including the abundances of light elements, the generation of
large-scale structure, the cosmic background radiation, and how the redshift of far-away galaxies increases with distance. They
have even predicted new phenomena that were subsequently observed, something
the big bang has failed to do.
Supporters of the big bang theory may retort
that these theories do not explain every cosmological observation. But that is
scarcely surprising, as their development has been severely hampered by a
complete lack of funding. Indeed, such questions and alternatives cannot even
now be freely discussed and examined. An open exchange of ideas is lacking in
most mainstream conferences. Whereas
Even observations are now interpreted through
this biased filter, judged right or wrong depending on whether or not they
support the big bang. So discordant data on red shifts, lithium and helium
abundances, and galaxy distribution, among other topics, are ignored or
ridiculed. This reflects a growing dogmatic mindset that is alien to the spirit
of free scientific inquiry.
Today, virtually all financial and
experimental resources in cosmology are devoted to big bang studies. Funding
comes from only a few sources, and all the peer-review committees that control
them are dominated by supporters of the big bang. As a result, the dominance of
the big bang within the field has become self-sustaining, irrespective of the
scientific validity of the theory.
Giving support only to projects within the
big bang framework undermines a fundamental element of the scientific method --
the constant testing of theory against observation. Such a restriction makes
unbiased discussion and research impossible. To redress this, we urge those
agencies that fund work in cosmology to set aside a significant fraction of
their funding for investigations into alternative theories and observational
contradictions of the big bang. To avoid bias, the peer review committee that
allocates such funds could be composed of astronomers and physicists from
outside the field of cosmology.
Allocating funding to investigations into the
big bang's validity, and its alternatives, would allow the scientific process
to determine our most accurate model of the history of the universe.
"The sentiments expressed in the open letter are welcome. However, I don’t think it will result in any change. The proposal that "the peer review committee that allocates such funds could be composed of astronomers and physicists from outside the field of cosmology,” is a small step in the direction that science generally should be taking.
However, many astronomers and physicists outside the field of cosmology believe in the big bang theory or have a vested interest in it. It would be preferable if there were a kind of jury system with educated people from engineering and the humanities as well. Any proposal that could not be explained simply to such an audience would demonstrate that the author did not understand it either. In addition, arguments against a proposal should be admissible from any quarter.
The modern problem with cosmology began with an assumption about the nature of the redshift in the spectrum of faint extragalactic objects, discovered by Edwin Hubble.
Hubble wrote, “If the redshifts are a Doppler shift ... the observations as they stand lead to the anomaly of a closed universe, curiously small and dense, and, it may be added, suspiciously young.
On the other hand, if redshifts are not Doppler effects, these anomalies disappear and the region observed appears as a small, homogeneous, but insignificant portion of a universe extended indefinitely both in space and time.” (Royal Astronomical Society Monthly Notices, 17, 506, 1937).
Hubble’s logical scientific attitude toward the phenomenon of extragalactic redshift is in stark contrast to the illogical and nonsensical opening quotation from the Astronomer Royal.
The big bang theory sprang from a theoretical preference for Hubble’s first possibility. Hubble’s brilliant student, Halton Arp, later confirmed that the second possibility was correct. But by then the big bang theory had become dogma. Arp was effectively “excommunicated” for his heresy."
Source:Holoscience.com: The Electric Universe
If you want to sign this statement , please click here
Signed:
(Institutions for identification only)
Highlighted names are linked to
related web pages
Halton Arp, Max-Planck-Institute
Fur Astrophysik (Germany)
Andre Koch Torres Assis, State University of Campinas
(Brazil)
Yuri
Baryshev, Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg
State University (Russia)
Ari Brynjolfsson,
Applied Radiation Industries (USA)
Hermann Bondi, Churchill College, University of
Cambridge (UK)
Timothy Eastman, Plasmas International (USA)
Chuck Gallo, Superconix, Inc.(USA)
Thomas Gold, Cornell University (emeritus) (USA)
Amitabha Ghosh, Indian
Institute of Technology, Kanpur (India)
Walter J. Heikkila, University of Texas at Dallas
(USA) .................................................
10
Michael Ibison, Institute for
Advanced Studies at Austin (USA)
Thomas Jarboe, University of Washington (USA)
Jerry W. Jensen, ATK Propulsion (USA)
Menas Kafatos, George Mason
University (USA)
Eric J. Lerner,
Lawrenceville Plasma Physics (USA)
Paul Marmet, Herzberg Institute of
Astrophysics (retired) (Canada)
Paola Marziani, Istituto
Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (Italy)
Gregory Meholic, The Aerospace Corporation (USA)
Jacques Moret-Bailly, Université
Dijon (retired) (France)
Jayant Narlikar,
IUCAA(emeritus) and College de France (India, France)
........................
20
Marcos
Cesar Danhoni Neves, State
University of Maringá (Brazil)
Charles D. Orth, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory (USA)
R. David Pace, Lyon College (USA)
Georges Paturel, Observatoire
de Lyon (France)
Jean-Claude Pecker, College de France (France)
Anthony L. Peratt, Los Alamos National Laboratory
(USA)
Bill Peter, BAE Systems Advanced Technologies (USA)
David Roscoe, Sheffield University (UK)
Malabika Roy, George Mason University (USA)
Sisir Roy, George Mason University (USA)
....................................................................
30
Konrad Rudnicki,
Jagiellonian University (Poland)
Domingos S.L. Soares, Federal
University of Minas Gerais (Brazil)
John L. West, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
(USA)
James F. Woodward, California State University, Fullerton (USA)
New signers of the Open letter since
publication
Scientists and Engineers
Garth
A Barber, independent researcher, UK
Martin John Baker, Loretto School Musselburgh,
UK
Peter J Carroll, Psychonaut Institute, UK
Roger Y. Gouin, Ecole Superieure
d'Electricite, France
John Murray, Sunyata Composite Ltd, UK
Jonathan Chambers, University of Sheffield, UK
.................................................................
40
Michel A. Duguay, Laval University, Canada
Qi Pan, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, UK
Fred Rost, University of NSW (Emeritus), Australia
Louis Hissink, Consulting Geologist, Australia
Hetu Sheth, Earth Sciences,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
Lassi Hyvärinen, IBM(Ret),
France
Max Whisson, University of Melbourne, Australia
R.S.Griffiths, CADAS, UK
Adolf Muenker, Brane Industries, USA
Name Removed/span>, ..................................
50
Felipe de Oliveira Alves, Federal
University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Jean-Marc Bonnet-Bidaud, Service d'Astrophysique,
CEA, France
Kim George, Curtin University of Technology, Australia
Tom Van Flandern,
Meta Research, USA
Doneley Watson, IBM (ret.), USA
Fred Alan Wolf, Have Brains / Will Travel, USA
Robert Wood, IEEE, Canada
D. W. Harris, L-3 Communications, USA
Eugene Sittampalam,
Engineering consultant, Sri Lanka
Joseph.B. Krieger,
60
Pablo Vasquez, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA
Peter F. Richiuso, NASA, KSC, USA
Roger A. Rydin, University of Virginia (Emeritus),
USA
Stefan Rydstrom, Royal Institute of Technology,
Sweden
Sylvan J. Hotch, The MITRE Corporation (Retired), USA
Thomas R. Love, CSU Dominguez Hills, USA
Andrew Coles, Embedded Systems, USA
Eit Gaastra, infinite universe researcher, The
Netherlands
Franco Selleri, Università di Bari, Dipartimento
di Fisica, Italy
Gerald Pease, The Aerospace Corporation, USA
..............................................................
70
S.N. Arteha, Space Research Institute, Russia
Miroslaw Kozlowski, Warsaw University (emeritus), Poland
John Hartnett, School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Australia
Robert Zubrin, Pioneer Astronautics, USA
Tibor Gasparik, SUNY at
Stony Brook, USA
Alexandre Losev, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Henry Hall, University of Manchester, UK
José da Silva, Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Markus Rohner, Griesser AG,
Switzerland
William C. Mitchell, Institute for Advanced Cosmological
Studies, USA .............................
80
Aurea Garcia-Rissmann,
UFSC, Brazil
Cristian R. Ghezzi, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
Daniel Nicolato Epitácio
Pereira, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Gregory M. Salyards, US Naval Sea Systems Command
(ret.), USA
Joseph A. Rybczyk, Independent Researcher, USA
Luiz Carlos Jafelice,
Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Michael Sosteric, Athabasca
University, Canada
Steven Langley Guy, University of Elizabeth (Physics Department), Australia
Robert Fritzius, Shade Tree Physics, USA
Irineu Gomes Varella, Escola Municipal de Astrofísica,
Brazil ...............................................
90
Luiz Carlos Barbosa,
Unicamp, Brazil
Mauro Cosentino, University of São
Paulo, Brazil
Moacir Lacerda, Univeersidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Roberto Assumpcao, PUC Minas, Brazil
Roberto Lopes Parra, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Ronaldo Junio Camppos Batista, Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Ermenegildo Caccese,
University of Basilicata, Italy
Felipe Sofia Zanuzzo, Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
Edival de Morais, Sociedade Brasileira de Física, Brazil
Graham Coupe, KAZ Technology Services, Australia
.......................................................
100
Tom Walther, Southern Cross University Australia , Australia
Antonio Cleiton, Laboratório
de Sistemas Complexos -
UFPI, Brazil
Sergey Karpov, L.V.Kirensky
Institute of Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Wagner Patrick Junqueira de Souza Coelho Nicácio, Universidade Federal de
Minas Gerais, Brazil
Sokolov Vladimir, Special Astrophysical
Observatory of RAS, Russia
Edwin G. Schasteen, TAP-TEN Research Foundation
International, USA
Gerry Zeitlin, openseti.org, USA
Henry H. Bauer, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, USA
Yasha Fard,H.R. Cosmology
Institute, Canada ..................................................................
110
Gordon Petrie, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, USA,
Jose B. Almeida, University
of Minho, Portugal,
G.Srinivasan,
Independent_Researcher, India,
David Blackford, Independent_Researcher, UK
Henry Reynolds, UC Santa Cruz, USA,
Alberto Bolognesi, Independent Researcher, Italy
Paramahamsa Tewari, Nuclear
Power Corporation (ret.),India
Jouko Seppänen, Helsinki
University of Technology, Finland,
Dr. Robert Bennett, Kolbe Center, USA,
Hilton Ratcliffe, Astronomical Society of South
Africa, South Africa .......................................
120
Roberto Caimmi, Astronomy
Department, Padua University, Italy
Tobias Keller, ETH (SFIT) Zurich, Earth
Sciences, Switzerland,
Deborah Foch,
Center for the Study of Extraterrestrial Intelligence, USA,
Cristiane Ribeiro Bernardes, Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Eric Blievernicht. TRW, USA
Arkadiusz Jadczyk,
International Institute of Mathematical Physics, Lithuania
DEAN L MAMAS, Independent Researcher, USA
Jean de Pontcharra, Commissariat à
l'Energie Atomique, France
Gerardus D. Bouw,
Baldwin-Wallace College, USA
Harold E. Puthoff, Institute for Advanced Studies at
Austin, USA. ..........................................
130
Nainan.
K. Varghese, Independent Researcher, India,
Andrew Kulikovsky, Independent Researcher,
Australia
Alan Rees, Independent Researcher, Sweden
Wieslaw Sztumski,
Silesian University, Poland
Lars Wåhlin,Colutron Research Corporation,USA
Udayan Chakravarty,
Independent Researcher, India
Georg Gane, Independent
Researcher, Germany
Robin Whittle, Independent Researcher, Australi,
Riccardo Scarpa, European Southern Observatory, Italy,
Olivier Marco, European Southern Observatory,
France ..................................................
140
Joseph Garcia, International Radiation
Protection, Germany,
Josef Lutz, Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany,
Nigel Edwards, Independent Researcher, Australia
Hermann Dürkop, Nabla Systemberatung,
Germany,
Klaus Fischer, Universität Trier, Germany,
Dieter Schumacher, Independent Researcher, Germany
...................................................
146
Other Signers
Charles Weber,USA
David Gershon ,USA
Peter G Smith ,USA
Naszvadi László, Hungary
Roger W. Browne, USA
Bart Clauwens, Netherlands
Noah Feiler-Poethke, USA
Jonathan Hardy, UK
John S. Kundrat, USA
...........................................................................
10
Vincent Sauve, USA
Chris Somers, Australia
Jagroop Sahota, USA
Edgar Raab, Germany
Gordon Hogenson, USA
Burebista Dacia, Romania
Christel Hahn,
Germany
..............................................................................
17
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